Living Root Bridges: Meghalaya

The Living Root Bridges of Meghalaya are an extraordinary example of bioengineering and traditional architecture found in the northeastern state of Meghalaya, India. These unique bridges are formed by guiding the aerial roots of the Ficus elastica tree, commonly known as the Indian rubber tree, across streams and rivers to create natural, living bridges.

The process of creating these bridges involves a technique known as “tree shaping” or “tree training.” The War-Khasi people, who inhabit the region, have been practicing this ancient art for centuries. They carefully manipulate the roots of the rubber tree to grow in specific directions by using a combination of pruning, guiding, and intertwining them with each other.

The Ficus elastica tree is ideal for this purpose because its roots are flexible and have the ability to grow horizontally, forming a lattice-like structure. The process of shaping the roots typically takes around 10-15 years until they are strong enough to support human weight. However, the bridges continue to grow stronger and sturdier with time, as the roots grow thicker and interweave further.

These living root bridges are highly durable and can last for centuries, with some of the oldest known bridges estimated to be over 500 years old. They can withstand the monsoon rains and flooding that are common in the region, making them a reliable and sustainable solution for crossing rivers and streams.

The most famous living root bridge is the Double Decker Root Bridge, located in the village of Nongriat in the Cherrapunji region of Meghalaya. It consists of two levels of living root bridges stacked one above the other, forming an impressive architectural marvel. This bridge attracts tourists from around the world who come to witness its natural beauty and engineering ingenuity.

The living root bridges of Meghalaya are not only functional but also environmentally friendly. They are entirely made from natural materials and do not require the felling of trees or the use of artificial construction materials like concrete or steel.

In recent years, these living root bridges have gained global recognition and have become a symbol of sustainable architecture and indigenous knowledge. Efforts are being made to preserve and protect them, as well as to promote responsible tourism that respects the local culture and environment.

Visiting the living root bridges is an adventure in itself, as reaching some of the remote villages and navigating the challenging terrain requires physical fitness and endurance. However, the experience of walking on these living bridges, surrounded by lush green forests and cascading waterfalls, is truly awe-inspiring and provides a unique insight into the rich cultural heritage of Meghalaya.